I have gone a different route in troubleshooting the issue. I needed to know if it is the bluetooth device (CSR8510) attached to my linux desktop or the Edison itself not being able to communicate with other bluetooth devices. It can do a service discovery, but outside of that the edison or my configuration therein is falling short.
I was able to l2ping my phone's bluetooth from my linux desktop with no issue, but from the edison and got the following error:
Can't connect: Operation now in progress
I rebooted the Edison, rfkill unblock bluetooth, and still got the same error.